Week 34 2014

Tendring Topics……on line

Sleep Walking…….into war!

           Just before 5 p.m on every day from 28^th June 1914, the centenary of the assassination of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife in Sarajevo, until  4^th August,  the centenary of the date on which the UK declared war on Germany,  BBC’s Radio 4 gave listeners a brief account of that day’s events one hundred years earlier, as recorded in contemporary newspapers and official documents.

            I found the account fascinating. It seems clear that it was several weeks before it occurred to anyone in Britain that that assassination could possibly have anything to do with us.  ‘An assassination in Sarajevo, where’s that? In the Balkans? That’s the sort of thing that they do there isn’t it? An Archduke?  I thought they were to be found only in comic operas. These foreigners!  There’s really no accounting for their ways.

            Besides, there were lots of much more worrying things happening nearer home; in Ireland for instance.  Ireland was an important part of the British Empire. There was a serious and imminent risk of civil war there over the question of Home Rule.  Most Irish people were Roman Catholics and wanted Home Rule but in the north there was a Protestant majority who would resist any move in that direction. Ulster will fight – and Ulster will be right! was a slogan of the day.

            Then there were the militant suffragettes; women demanding the right to vote in elections and breaking windows, chaining themselves to railings and throwing themselves in front of race horses to draw attention to their cause.  Arrested, they refused to eat and were cruelly force-fed. 

            There was also labour unrest and the threat of a general strike.  There were plenty of things to worry about at home without having to give thought to foreigners murdering each other in, to quote a more recent Prime Minister, ‘a faraway country of which we know very little’.

            Meanwhile, the ripples from that murder began to spread.  It had occurred in Bosnia, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.  The perpetrator was a Serb who wanted Bosnia, many of whose population were ethnic Serbs, to be free of Austrian rule.  The Austrian government, which would have liked to add Serbia to its empire, was quite convinced (or convinced itself) that the Serbian government had orchestrated the assassination.  They presented Serbia with a very strongly worded ultimatum that would, in effect, have robbed the Serbs of their national sovereignty.

            Serbia however, had a very powerful ally in Imperial Russia. Austria-Hungary also had a very powerful ally in Germany, and Russia had another powerful ally in France.  Just outside this system of alliances was the United Kingdom and its great Empire.  Close friends though we were with France and Russia, we had no treaty obligations to join with them in case of conflict.

            The Serbs agreed to all but one clause of the Austro-Hungarian ultimatum.  That wasn’t enough for the Austro-Hungarians.  They declared war on Serbia and ordered their army to invade and attack Belgrade.  Like falling dominoes, the alliances came into effect.   Serbia asked for Russian support.  Austria then asked Germany and Russia asked France to honour their treaty obligations.   We don’t generally think of the German Kaiser as a peace-maker but, perhaps sensing what was to come, he asked his cousin, the Tsar of Russia, to cease mobilisation of his army.  It was too late.  The major powers of Europe were at war with each other.

            Only the UK remained at peace – and there was a strong peace movement in Britain.  We might well have remained neutral had the German High Command not decided that they must avoid a war on two fronts. They could best achieve this by quickly defeating France and then turning, with all their strength, on Russia.  This, they thought, could be done by attacking France through Belgium.   And that brought Britain into the war.  We were bound, by a treaty dating back almost to the Battle of Waterloo, to defend the neutrality of Belgium.   Thus began World War I. In the 1920s and ‘30s we called it ‘The Great War’.  Millions were killed, millions more were maimed.  It was supposed to be ‘the war to end wars’ but, in fact, the peace treaty imposed by the victors made World War II, just 21 years later, inevitable.

 All of this would have been solely of historical interest were it not for the fact that some events today are uncomfortably similar to those in 1914.  We have a rebellious faction in Eastern Ukraine who have taken up arms against a new government in Kiev.  The ‘west’ is quite sure that the rebels are supported and provided with arms by Russia – just as the Austro-Hungarians were quite sure that the rebels in Bosnia who were responsible for the assassination of their Arch-Duke were puppets of the Serbian Government.

            Ukrainian Government Forces are mercilessly shelling and bombing towns and villages in the rebel held areas, killing civilians on a similar scale to the much-more-publicised shelling and bombing of the Palestinians in Gaza, and preventing the proper inspection of the wreck of the air-liner that the rebels are accused of shooting down.   To help the victims of this bombing and shelling the Russian Government is, with the knowledge of the International Red Cross, sending a convoy of lorries bringing humanitarian aid. The President of the Kiev Ukrainian Government says that this convoy will be refused admission to Ukraine.  What will happen then?  If his troops attempt to stop the convoy by force does he really think that NATO will support him – and risk a third world war?  If so, I sincerely hope he is wrong.

            This possibility though, does illustrate the dangers of ringing Russia with small potentially hostile, NATO states – and declaring that an attack on any one of them is an attack on NATO, which will respond appropriately.  It was a system of military alliances that led to World War I.  I hope (though I’m far from confident!) that the world’s governments are not so stupid as to allow a similar system to lead them into World War III.

Recent and still breaking news

            The news about that Russian convoy of lorries bearing humanitarian aid to the homeless and shell-shocked folk of Eastern Ukraine is mixed.  A solution to the problem of the delivery of that aid appears to have been solved in an extremely sensible manner, and one that is a credit to both the Russian and the Ukrainian negotiators.  The contents of each vehicle are to be inspected by  Ukrainian Government officials and then driven, by their Russian drivers to a destination in eastern Ukraine. There the humanitarian aid will be distributed by representatives of the International Red Cross.  That should quell Ukrainian fears that the lorries might prove to be ‘Trojan horses’ loaded with weaponry for rebel fighters. TV cameras have brought to viewers images of the contents of two lorries, selected at random. They were filled with food for  the hungry and tents for the homeless.

            Rather more worrying is the fact that reliable witnesses have seen one or more Russian armoured vehicles crossing the border from Russia to Ukraine.  This, needless to say, is causing David Cameron ‘serious concern’ and making him talk threateningly about ‘further consequences’.   It should, I think, be remembered that the areas each side of that particular part of the frontier are populated by the same ethnically Russian people, many of them probably related, and all on the Russian side shocked by the way rebel cities and towns are being ruthlessly shelled by the Ukrainian army.  The rebels, for all their small-arms and captured tanks and armoured vehicles, have no artillery with which to respond to that relentless bombardment and no air force with which to attack their enemies. I don’t think it would need the prompting of Vladimir Putin, hundreds of miles away in Moscow, to make some of those on the Russian side of the border decide to go to the assistance of their embattled brethren. 

              More encouraging is the news that Russians, Ukrainians and representatives of the Ukrainian rebels are meeting in Berlin in a day or two's time to try to find a peaceful solution to this terrible civil war.  I hope they succeed.

The latest news - this morning 18th August.

I do not believe that a single aid vehicle has yet been allowed to enter east Ukraine.  The Kiev Government insists that they are carrying arms, despite the fact that their officials have been invited to inspect them.  I really believe that the Kiev government is deliberately provoking Russia in the hope that their reaction will bring NATO to the rescue! 

 ‘This is today’s news…….

          One day last week IS (Islamic State) terrorists had driven thousands of Christian and other non-Muslims from their homes in northern Iraq and compelled them to seek temporary shelter in barren mountains – devoid of water, food or shelter.  The USA had carried out air strikes on IS forces that were claimed to have slowed down (but not halted) their advance.  There was an uneasy truce in the Holy Land between Israel and the people of the Yemen.  The World Health Organisation had authorised the use of drugs that have not yet been rigorously tested, in a last-ditch attempt to stem the pandemic of Ebola that was currently rampant in parts of West Africa.  Ebola in a potentially fatal infectious disease for which there is, so far, no vaccination and no effective treatment.  Which of these, I wondered, would be the lead story on BBC tv’s news bulletin at 6.00 pm?

No, it was nothing to do with any of the above.  The lead story, that took up at least one third of the half-hour news bulletin, was about an American entertainer, an alcoholic and a drug addict, who had taken his own life during a period of depression.  We had a résumé of his life, his film and other successes, comments on his struggle with drink, drugs and depression and a few words of adulation from Barak Obama President of the USA.

There's no doubt that Robbie Williams was a very gifted entertainer with fans world-wide  – but I would have expected his decease to have deserved a mention only towards the end of a British news bulletin on a day in which nothing much else was happening either in the UK or the world!

Week 18 2014

Tendring Topics…….on line

Bravo David Cameron!

            It isn’t very often that I find myself leaping to defend David Cameron our Prime Minister from his critics. In fact, I don’t think that it has ever happened before and it may well never happen again.  I do however wholeheartedly agree with him that Britain is a Christian country and we should celebrate that fact.  I would qualify that declaration though (and I think that Mr Cameron would agree with me on this point) by asserting that Britain is not only a Christian country; but it is a Christian country in which adherents of other faiths or of no faith at all, are not just tolerated but welcomed. They are given exactly the same rights and privileges as Christians to practise their faith, to build places of worship and religious teaching, to bring up children in that faith, and to encourage and accept converts from any other religious tradition or from none. 

            That is surely one of the reasons why the fact that we are a Christian country should be celebrated.  At least during the past 1,000 years it is only in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, and in countries with a Christian tradition, that people of all religious faiths have been able to worship, teach and proselytise on equal terms, and  can expect to enjoy the protection of the state in doing so..

            There have, of course, been a number of countries in which folk of different faiths have lived together in peace in the past – in Moorish Spain for example, or Bosnia under Turkish rule – but always the adherents of a minority faith were second-class citizens. Those wonderful examples of Moorish architecture you may have seen in southern Spain were almost certainly built by Christian slaves.  In 1980 my wife and I toured what was then still a united Jugoslavia.  In Sarajevo we visited a Mosque and a Serb Orthodox Church.  Both were open to tourists and worshippers.  The latter though was behind a high wall so that during the period of Turkish rule the Muslim majority need not be visibly conscious of the infidels in their midst.  It took Marshal Tito’s godless (but springing from a Christian tradition) communist government to give tolerance and equal state recognition to followers of the Serb Orthodox and Croat Catholic traditions and to Muslims.

            In the Middle East there were countries, among them Iraq, Syria and Egypt, which although predominantly Muslim, at one time had considerable Christian minorities. They were prohibited from making converts from among their Muslim neighbours, but otherwise thrived and prospered.  All of that ended as a result of Britain’s blundering foreign policy, particularly with Tony Blair’s and George Bush’s disastrous – and illegal – invasion of Iraq.  Now, throughout the Middle East, Pakistan and much of Africa, Christians survive in fear for their livelihoods and their lives – emigrating where they are able to do so, and adding to the growing number of asylum seekers.  In Saudi-Arabia, Christian faith and practice are banned absolutely, only the most extreme Muslim worship and practice being permitted.  But Saudi Arabia buys our weaponry and we buy their oil – so their intolerance and contempt for human rights are tolerated, and visiting Saudi royalty are treated as honoured guests!   That is not something of which we should be proud!

            It is true that in Britain Christians have done terrible things both to each other and to others in the past.  I don’t think that we need to reproach ourselves too much about the medieval crusades.  Muslim armies had invaded Christendom (in Spain)  before those crusades and, advancing from Constantinople (Istanbul) to the outskirts of Vienna, long after them. The Crusades had, at least in the first instance, the surely laudable objective of ensuring that Christian pilgrims could visit in safety the holy places in Palestine. 

            The same cannot be said about the torture and burning alive of heretics in medieval Britain, about which the godless Lord Byron wrote, ‘Christians have burned each other, quite persuaded, that all the apostles would have done as they did’.  Nor about the witch hunts and witch hangings of the 17^th and 18^th centuries, and of Christian involvement in the slave trade.  None of those practices can possibly be excused though it must be said that it is quite a long time since a heretic was burned or a witch hanged in the UK, and Christian Britain was among the first countries to ban slavery and to use its navy to stamp out the slave trade.

            In the recent census only just over half those who responded declared themselves to be ‘Christian’. That was a majority, if only a small one – but I know of people who certainly hold Christian values and Christian beliefs but hesitate to describe themselves as ‘Christian’ because they fear that that would associate them with the inquisition, witch hunts and over-eager fundamentalist doorstep evangelists today!  

            But today’s numbers of professed Christians are only one of the reasons why we may claim that Britain is a Christian country.  Christianity has shaped our history over the past 1,000 years.  It has enriched our language.  We all know what is meant by ‘A Judas’, ‘a Good Samaritan’, ‘a Job’s comforter’, ‘a Delilah’,  ‘Petering out’, ‘David and Goliath’, ‘Adam’s ale’, ‘Old as Methuselah’, ‘Antediluvian’, ‘a Martha or a Mary’, ‘a voice crying in the wilderness’  - there are many more, all directly linked to the Old or New Testaments of the Christian Bible with which during my childhood and youth almost everyone was, at least to some extent, familiar.

            Nowadays the Christian Church sometimes acts as the prophets of the Old Testament did and points our rulers, concerned only with worldly values, towards compliance with the will of God.  Archbishop Runcie incurred the wrath of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher when his service of thanksgiving after the Falklands War remembered the Argentine as well as the British dead, wounded and bereaved. ‘It was like a Quaker Meeting’ she is said to have complained.  That suggests to me that the Archbishop had got the service about right!

            It says much for David Cameron that he continues to proclaim his Christian faith despite the fact that in recent months his government’s policies towards the poor and disadvantaged have been strongly criticised by the leaders of all Christian traditions. I disagree with virtually every other statement he has made and almost every policy of his government.  But - like him, I believe that we live in a Christian, but uniquely tolerant and welcoming, country – and that this is something that we should celebrate, and for which we should thank God.‘

Hier stehe ich.  Ich kann nicht anders!’

            ‘Here I stand.  There is nothing else that I can do’.  Thus spoke Martin Luther, the ‘father of Protestantism’ as he expounded his reformist doctrines.  Writing, for the first time ever, in support of David Cameron as he declared his Christian faith, I found myself wondering where I really stand on the burning political issues of the 21^st Century. I know that I am an opinionated old man, but what do those opinions amount to?  Am I a really a closet revolutionary, a well-meaning but somewhat woolly-minded liberal, or could I possibly be at-heart a true-blue Tory?  Where do I stand on the political spectrum?  Well, here are some of my deeply-held convictions:

             I believe that there should be a steady reduction of the income gap between the wealthiest and poorest of our countrymen, and that our government should work towards a society in which no-one’s income is more than ten times that of anyone else’s. Steps towards this would be a shift from indirect taxation (VAT and Excise duties) to direct taxation (Income tax and death duties), and a revision of the income tax system to ensure that we all pay the same percentage of our income in tax. I believe that those who move to tax havens overseas to avoid paying income tax in this country, should automatically forfeit their British nationality and their right to a British passport. I’d also like everyone to have a fair wage and to give of their best without a ‘target' and without a promised bonus as a bribe!  I'd like to put behind us a system in which the poor are forced to work hard by the threat of starvation and homelessness; and the very wealthy are persuaded to work by the promise of an enormous bribe. We must get rid of this 'expecting an enormous bonus', culture.  It is infinitely more damaging both to individuals and to society than the 'benefit culture' that members of the government are so keen to eradicate.  

            I believe too that we should scrap our nuclear weapons and nuclear submarine fleet and that the role of the armed forces should increasingly be that of dealing with the results of civil and natural disasters (earthquakes, fires, floods, civil conflicts, failure of private enterprise contractors, and so on) and the evacuation or rescue of their victims.

 I’m clearly a ‘loony lefty’ – well to the left even of ‘Old Labour’!

            I am though also convinced of the reality and threat of Global Warming, and of humankind’s responsibility for it. Accepting this and attempting to respond positively to it over-rides all other political concerns.  I think we should redouble our efforts to explore and exploit renewable energy sources and believe that wave and tidal power, surely much more dependable than that of the sun or the wind, have yet to be fully exploited.  We should be working towards the total ending of the use of fossil fuels. Fracking should be made illegal throughout the UK.  Those convictions surely put me squarely among the ‘Greens’.

The Scandinavian model – Queen Margrethe II of Denmark disembarks from her Royal Yacht in London Docks, as she visits and encourages the Danish athletes at the 2012 Olympics.  Photo by my elder son Pete.   

           

But..........I also believe in the merits of our constitutional monarchy (though I’d prefer the informality of the Scandinavian model) and I am certainly not a republican.   I think that there is a lot to be said for the selective education that made it possible for folk like me to climb out of the ‘aspiring working class’ into the lowest levels of the ‘middle class’.There clearly is something the matter with our educational system.  Michael Gove, Education Minister, seems desperately eager to put it right and I wish him well in that task - but he really has a knack of upsetting everybody from the NUT to his own 'old Etonian' colleagues!

 Although I think that women should be able to aspire to any job in the United Kingdom (even those of Archbishop of Canterbury or York if they’re the best candidates for the job) I also think that making a comfortable and happy home, and bringing up children ‘in the way that they should go’, can be a perfectly satisfying and fulfilling career for some women. It is a career that they should be encouraged to follow if they wish to do so. I have no doubt that the best person to guide and guard a child from infancy to adolescence is not a child minder or a nursery school but the child’s mum.

Children are bound to be neglected if both parents are in  full-time work.  Mum and dad will  be away from home all day and when they get home there'll be a meal to be prepared, housework to be done and private mail to attend to..   They are really very fortunate if they can find the time and energy to listen to their children's concerns and help them with their homework.

 In the 'bad old days' when I grew from childhood through adolescence to adult life, folk married before they lived together, and didn't marry until the potential husband's income was sufficient to support a wife and family.  I really wouldn't wish to return to those days.  Then though, there would always be either dad or mum (all right - so it would most likely be mum!) at home when a child or young adolescent came home from school . Consequently there was much less juvenile crime, and schoolchild pregnancies, juvenile 'social diseases' and juvenile drug-taking were virtually unknown.

Some of my thoughts on these issues are probably 'to the right'  of those of many Conservatives! 

         Oh yes – and I’m an unashamed Europhile and a Federalist!  Every political party (except of course UKIP) has a few of us. Can you wonder that, in ‘first past the post’ elections, I no longer seek for a candidate I’d like to see win. There won't be one.   I look instead for the candidate I most want to be rejected and vote for the candidate most likely to defeat him or her!